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Abstract

EXTRACTION, PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, AND EVALUATION OF THE NEPHROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF PTEROCARPUS SANTALINUS EXTRACT

Raj Vikram Singh*, Satkar Prasad

RKDF School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhabha University, Bhopal (M.P.)

ABSTRACT

The present study was undertaken to investigate the phytochemical profile and nephroprotective activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Pterocarpus santalinus leaves against gentamicin-induced renal toxicity in rats. Physicochemical evaluation of the powdered leaves was performed to establish quality control parameters. The hydroalcoholic extract was prepared and subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, which revealed the presence of flavonoids, carbohydrates, and diterpenes. Quantitative estimation showed a total flavonoid content of 0.92 mg/100 mg of extract. Nephroprotective activity was evaluated using a gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity model in Wistar rats. Renal function was assessed by measuring serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urea, total protein, and albumin levels. Gentamicin administration significantly elevated serum creatinine, BUN, and urea levels while reducing total protein and albumin concentrations, indicating severe renal damage. Treatment with Pterocarpus santalinus extract at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg produced significant and dose-dependent protection against nephrotoxicity. The higher dose (200 mg/kg) showed greater restoration of biochemical parameters toward normal values. The nephroprotective effect may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and other bioactive phytoconstituents possessing antioxidant and cytoprotective properties. The findings suggest that Pterocarpus santalinus leaves possess considerable nephroprotective potential and may serve as a promising natural therapeutic agent for the management of drug-induced renal disorders.

Keywords: Pterocarpus santalinus, Nephroprotective activity, Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity, Hydroalcoholic extract, Flavonoids, Renal function markers, Antioxidant activity, Medicinal plants.


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