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Abstract

COMPARATIVE IN-VITRO CHARACTERIZATION OF MATRIX TABLETS OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM PREPARED FROM ALKALI ISOLATED AND PHOSPHORYLATED BARNYARD MILLET STARCH

Anal Sutar, Reena Shende*, Satkar Prasad

RKDF School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BHABHA University, Madhya Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT

The development of modified-release drug delivery systems has improved the safety, efficacy, and patient compliance of pharmaceutical therapies. Matrix tablets represent a simple, cost-effective strategy for achieving sustained or controlled drug release, particularly when formulated with appropriate polymeric excipients. Natural starches are attractive excipients due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and abundance; however, native starches often display poor mechanical strength, high swelling, and inconsistent release behavior, limiting their application in controlled-release formulations. Chemical modification, such as phosphorylation or cross-linking, enhances the physicochemical and functional properties of starch, improving water resistance, thermal stability, gel strength, and flow characteristics.In this study, phosphorylated barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea) starch and cross-linked Zhingora starch were evaluated as matrix-forming agents. Cross-linking increased starch yield (97.8 ± 0.57% w/w vs. 14.68 ± 0.52% w/w for alkali-isolated starch), moderated pH (6.8 vs. 11), reduced moisture and amylose content, and improved water-binding capacity and swelling behavior. Precompression studies indicated better flow properties, while tablet evaluation revealed enhanced hardness (4.2 ± 0.04 kg/cm²), reduced friability (0.68 ± 0.04%), and slower disintegration, demonstrating improved mechanical integrity. Film-coated matrix tablets formulated with these modified starches exhibited controlled release and structural stability under in vitro conditions.These findings suggest that phosphorylated and cross-linked millet starches are promising, sustainable excipients for developing advanced controlled-release tablet formulations.

Keywords: Modified-release drug delivery; Matrix tablets; Barnyard millet starch; Phosphorylated starch


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