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Abstract

RECENT ADVANCES IN OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

Ankit Singh, Sunil Ahirwar*, Reena Shende, SatkarPrassad, Shailesh Kumar Ghatuwary

RKDF School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BHABHA Universisty, Madhya Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT

Ocular drug delivery remains challenging due to the eye’s unique anatomy and protective barriers that limit drug bioavailability and target access. In recent years, advances in nanotechnology, long-acting biodegradable platforms, microneedles and suprachoroidal approaches, stimuli-responsive “smart” materials, and gene-/biologic-focused delivery strategies have substantially expanded therapeutic options for both anterior and posterior segment diseases. This review summarizes the latest developments (2022–2025) in formulation and device technologies, highlights translational milestones such as sustained-release intracanalicular inserts and emerging suprachoroidal/microneedle systems, and discusses remaining hurdles and future directions for achieving safe, effective, and patient-friendly ocular therapeutics.

Keywords: Ocular drug delivery, nanocarriers, sustained release, microneedles, suprachoroidal, intracanalicular insert, hydrogels, gene therapy.


[Full Text Article]