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Abstract

ENDOMETRIAL CANCER: AN OVERVIEW OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, RISK FACTORS, AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES

Karan Sahu, Rashmi Pandey*, Rupali Bharati Sao, Sandip Prasad Tiwari

Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalinga University, Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh India (492101)

ABSTRACT

Endometrial cancer, the most common malignancy of the female reproductive tract, presents a significant public health challenge worldwide. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention strategies associated with endometrial cancer. Epidemiologically, endometrial cancer predominantly affects postmenopausal women, with incidence rates varying across different geographic regions and ethnic groups. The increasing prevalence is attributed to factors such as aging populations, rising obesity rates, and lifestyle changes. Key risk factors include obesity, hormone replacement therapy, reproductive history, and genetic predispositions such as Lynch syndrome. The interplay between these factors, particularly the role of excess adiposity and hormonal imbalances, underscores the complexity of endometrial carcinogenesis. Additionally, lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, and the use of oral contraceptives play a crucial role in modulating risk. Prevention strategies are multifaceted, focusing on modifiable risk factors and early detection. Weight management and physical activity emerge as pivotal preventive measures, given their impact on hormonal regulation and metabolic health. Pharmacological interventions, including the use of oral contraceptives and progestins, have shown efficacy in reducing risk, particularly in high-risk populations. Furthermore, advancements in genetic screening and personalized medicine offer promising avenues for targeted prevention and early intervention in genetically predisposed individuals. Public health initiatives aimed at raising awareness, promoting healthy lifestyles, and ensuring access to screening and preventive services are essential components in reducing the burden of endometrial cancer. This review underscores the need for continued research into the etiological mechanisms and effective prevention strategies to address this growing concern.

Keywords: Endometrial cancer, epidemiology, risk factors, prevention, obesity.


[Full Text Article]